TNF Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis Boosts Skin Cancer Risk ...

WEDNESDAY, Sept. 7 (HealthDay News) ? Treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors appears to increase their risk of developing skin cancer, a new review of prior research indicates.

However, TNF inhibitors, which include infliximab (Remicade), adalimunab (Humira), and etanercept (Enbrel), do not appear to boost the risk for developing other forms of cancer, the researchers added.

The findings stem from an analysis of 21 previous studies conducted between 1998 and 2010, as well as eight study summaries that had been presented at research conferences during the same timeframe. All the studies had focused on the potential for cancer risk in association with the use of standard TNF inhibitors.

?This systematic review and meta analysis provides reassurance to doctors and patients that the treatment of [rheumatoid arthritis] with TNF inhibitors does not increase the risk of malignancy, particularly lymphoma,? the French study team stated in a news release from Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, which published the report in its current on-line issue.

?However, it does appear to increase the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma,? added the French team, led by Prof. Xavier Mariette from Paris-Sud University?s rheumatology service in Ile de France.

The authors noted that RA has previously been shown to increase the risk for developing certain types of cancer, including both lung cancer and lymphoma, while decreasing the risk for other cancers, including bowel and breast.

However, the question of TNF inhibitor treatments as a cancer risk has remained a subject of debate.

All told, the current review looked at a collection of studies involving more than 40,000 patients who had been exposed to almost 150,000 years of TNF inhibitor drugs.

Seven of the studies indicated no notable risk increase for any type of cancer associated with the use of TNF meds. Another two long-term studies similarly suggested that while RA patients who had previously had cancer faced a higher likelihood for a second bout, TNF treatments alone posed no additional cancer risk.

But four other studies collectively demonstrated that TNF inhibitors boosted the risk for non-melanoma skin cancer by 45 percent. And another two studies suggested that the RA treatment raised the specific risk for developing melanoma by almost 80 percent.

Dr. W. Hayes Wilson, chief of rheumatology at Piedmont Hospital in Atlanta, stated the findings should help guide doctors on potential RA treatment complications.

?I do not think this is particularly surprising, given that there is long been a concern about cancer risk in the back of our minds,? he noted. ?And, in fac,t this is somewhat reassuring on the front of solid cancers that there is nothing to be alarmed about.?

?But while we can perhaps now put aside our worries about other types of cancers, this does give us some indication that we need to be vigilant when it comes to skin cancer,? Wilson added. ?And we certainly need to have a high index of suspicion if a patient has a skin abnormality, and make certain that they see their dermatologist.?

For more on rheumatoid arthritis, visit the National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.


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10 WAYS TO LEGALLY PROTECT YOUR BUSINESS ONLINE

Emmie de Kock The internet has opened a new era of business opportunities. Many online businesses involve less staff, lower overheads and have no lease agreement. It is therefore reasonable to assume that to start a business online should be more affordable than to start a business offline. For this reason, some businesses start-out as online businesses and progress to physical premises later. It is perhaps not correct to distinguish between online and an offline businesses, as the internet is a tool used in business, whether online or offline. It is fair to say that business, regardless of what nature, is likely to benefit from an online presence on the internet. For lawyers the internet poses new challenges in applying laws due to jurisdiction problems. Each country generally has its own national laws on how to start, operate and protect certain business rights. Lawyers often refer to the internet as "cyberspace" as if to suggest that it is a separate territory in which cyber law applies. Unfortunately, there is no single cyber law which applies to the internet. Fortunately though, South African law has progressed over the years to provide statutes and mechanisms to govern and protect local businesses online. As the world is divided into different countries, it appears that cyberspaces are divided into different domain name spaces which are subject to different national laws. In this regard, the country level domain for South Africa is .ZA and all domain name levels ending with .ZA are generally covered by South African laws. Before starting a new local business online, or taking your existing business online, there are some important national laws to consider complying with to protect your business. The list is not conclusive, but I discuss below the most important laws with which to comply when starting to do business online. 1. Protect your name The .CO.ZA domain name space is the most important for South African businesses. Domain names are registered on a "first come, first served" basis. When registering a domain name, which will serve as the name of the business, it is recommended to select a name which is capable of distinguishing your business from other businesses in the same trade. Such distinctive name will have a trade mark function. Trade marks are registered on the Trade Marks Register in terms of the Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993. Trade mark registrations generally provide statutory and monopolistic rights in a specific mark in a specific sector. If you are considering forming a company, for convenience, registration of the same name/trade mark could also be considered on the Companies Register. There is no cross-referencing between the Trade Marks Register, Companies Register and relevant Domain Name Registers. Due to this factor, disputes arise, if different traders use and register their names on the different Registers concerned. Such disputes could cost start-up businesses dearly concerning time and money, and many start-up businesses do not have sufficient funds to start over with a new name, if they have to change their names due to a conflict. 2. Protect your copyright Generally, the creator of a copyrighted work, is the first and automatic owner of such works. However, there are general exceptions to this rule, for example in the case of works developed by employees in the course and scope of their normal employment, in which case copyright automatically belongs to the employer. Apart from such exceptions expressly provided for, the Copyright Act 98of 1978 generally provides that copyright can only be assigned from one person to another in writing. This means that, if you employ a graphic designer, web designer or software developer to contribute to your website business, regardless of whether you paid them or not, it is best that copyright in such designs and software be assigned to your business in writing. Written copyright agreements will confirm that copyright has duly been assigned to your business and belongs to your business. 3. Transact legally Generally, the same rules for contracts apply to transactions executed online on a website as would apply when doing business in South Africa over the counter. For example, minors (persons under 18 years) still require assistance from guardians or parents to conclude any agreement, such as buying or selling a car, cellphone or music. The challenge for online transactions is that it is more difficult to confirm identities of parties and thus certain controls must be put in place to obtain more certainty when contracting. The Electronic Communication and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 ("the ECT Act"), in particular, provides guidelines on the formation of online agreements and electronic signatures. 4. Protect Personal Data Almost all online businesses compile information from visitors, leads or prospective clients. The compilation, use, storage and archiving will soon be governed by the proposed Protection of Personal Information Act ("POPI Act"). The proposed Act applies to personal information collected, stored and disseminated by automated and non-automated processes. It generally applies to South African businesses processing personal information in the context of their trade activities. Chapter 3, Part A provides the principles for the processing of personal information, which main principles include: * personal information must be processed in accordance with the law and in a proper and careful manner in order not to intrude upon the privacy of the data subject to an unreasonable extent; * personal information must be collected for a specific, explicitly defined and legitimate purpose; * personal information may not be kept for longer than is necessary for archiving purposes; * personal information must not be further processed in a way incompatible with the purpose for which it has been collected in the first instance; * the data collector collecting and processing personal information must take practical steps to ensure that the quality of personal information is complete, not misleading, and accurate; * personal information may only be collected by a data collector which has given notice and has been recorded in a Register kept by the Commissioner; * appropriate technical and organisational security measures must be taken to secure the integrity of personal data by safeguarding against the risk of loss, or damage or destruction of personal information and against the unauthorised or unlawful access to, or processing of personal information; * where personal information is collected, the data subject is entitled to obtain, free of charge, confirmation whether and what personal information is being kept; * and the responsible party will be kept accountable and must ensure that there are measures taken that give effect to the Principles set out in Chapter 3, Part A. 5. Protect Consumers The ECT Act provides for consumer protection rights, including certain cooling- off periods relating to online transactions with consumers. The ECT Act furthermore does not prejudice the rights of consumers provided for in any other law. In this regard, it should be noted that the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 ("CPA") came into full effect on 1 April 2011. Every business (referred to as "suppliers" in the Act) providing products or services to local consumers, is required to comply with this Act. The Act provides that the definition of a "consumer" does not only include natural persons, but also any business with an asset value or annual turn-over below R3 million. All suppliers must update their online policies and standard agreements to comply with this Act, in particular return of goods policies and warranties. The CPA also impacts on marketing campaigns and materials. 6. Limit technical liability As humans make errors, so does technology. In this regard, especially if you intend to operate a website with online order or payment facilities, it is important to have reasonable measures to limit your liability for any technical factors which may, for instance, delay transactions or cause internet customers harm in any way. 7. Supply information To protect consumers, the ECT Act requires that a supplier offering goods or services by way of an electronic transaction provide certain information on the relevant webpage. The required information can be categorised as follows: * Information relating to the business * Information relating to the goods or services * Information on how disputes will be handled In addition, the Promotion of Access to Information Act 2 of 2000 ("PROATIA") prescribes that private and public bodies must compile manuals containing certain information. The main purpose of PROATIA is to foster a culture of transparency and accountability in public and private bodies by giving effect to the right of access to information flowing from Section 32 the Constitution of South Africa. Copies of the prescribed information manual must be made available to the Human Rights Commission, on websites and at physical offices. It must furthermore be published in the Government Gazette. The manuals of public bodies must be published online and made available in at least three different official languages. 8. Linking third parties Reciprocal linking of websites is helpful to stimulate online traffic and form affiliations with businesses offering complimentary products and services. However, when allowing a link to a third party website, it is likely that you will not be monitoring such third party website all the time for possible incidents which may harm or cause detriment to your online consumers, which incidents may reflect badly on your website. It is important to apply your mind when authorising linking to and from third party websites. Your website should include a disclaimer limiting your liability for any damage or harm caused by visiting third party websites which are linked to your business website. 9. Socialise responsibly Chapter 2 of the Constitution of South Africa provides for the protection of fundamental human rights. These rights include inter alia the right to privacy, the right to freedom of expression, the right to information, and the right to non-discrimination. These fundamental human rights must also be protected online. In the event that your website provides for social facilities, such as a blog, or online discussion forums, it is important to monitor and filter comments which conflict with these supreme rights of individuals. To ensure that bloggers can be identified, it is best that such users register to use such facilities. 10. Supply terms and conditions Generally, good Terms and Conditions for use of your website should accommodate at least all points discussed above. Such Terms and Conditions document is usually a web-wrap agreement which requires no positive acceptance by users. However, depending on the functionality of your website and the nature of possible online transactions, steps should be taken to draw the user's attention to the terms of the agreement first. It is best to publish Terms and Conditions on a login page. Conclusion Following the above points, it is clear that "cyber space" is not without rules. Appropriate steps to protect your business online include at least the drafting and publishing of good Terms and Conditions for use of your website. Websites are accessible by users all over the world and the laws in South Africa differ substantially from other national laws which may apply to websites for foreign jurisdictions. As business owners should educate themselves on these aspects to comply with the law and avoid disputes with online users, on the same basis, clear Terms and Conditions should inform users of their rights, rules of valid online contracts, and correct dispute processes. Disclaimer Please note that the above remarks are not meant as formal legal advice and are merely provided as general information. Each website should be fully considered by an attorney with appropriate knowledge and experience in Information Technology and Intellectual Property Law. If you require legal assistance or a formal opinion, your are welcome to contact De Kock Attorneys at Tel (012) 664 8960, email: info@dekock.co.za, or via their website at www.dekock.co.za. for further information or a free quotation.

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Source: http://www.212articles.com/10-ways-to-legally-protect-your-business-online/

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Ron Paul versus Rick Perry: Who is Ronald Reagan's true heir?

Rep. Ron Paul and Texas Gov. Rick Perry have been trading barbs, with both talking about allegiance to Ronald Reagan. Their arguments take a few liberties.

Ron Paul and Rick Perry are scrapping over who?s the true heir of Ronald Reagan, in case you haven?t heard. Think that subject will come up in Wednesday night?s debate at the Reagan presidential library in Simi Valley, Calif.? We think there?s a good chance it will.

Skip to next paragraph

Representative Paul started this tussle with an attack ad aimed at Texas Governor Perry. Perry?s the front-runner now, so he?s going to have to get used to the other hopefuls coming after him.

Anyway, the Paul ad is called ?The One Who Stood With Reagan.? It starts with the blunt words, ?The establishment called him extreme and unelectable. They said he was the wrong man for the job.?

The narrator is talking about Mr. Reagan there ? but yes, we know, that?s what all the pundits are saying about Paul today. The ad goes on to say that Paul was attracted to Reagan?s message of smaller government and lower taxes and that he was one of only four congressmen to endorse him for president.

Then comes the scary music, so you know the punch is about to come. ?After Reagan, Al Gore ran for president ... pushing his liberal values,? says the ad, ?and Al Gore found a cheerleader in Texas named Rick Perry.?

(It?s true that Perry ran a Gore presidential effort in Texas. That was before he switched parties and became a Republican.)

?Now America must decide who to trust: Al Gore?s Texas cheerleader or the one who stood with Reagan,? the Paul ad concludes.

Perry responded to Paul?s linking him with Mr. Gore with a news release titled, ?Ron Paul?s Reagan Revisionism.?

This release points out the inconvenient truth that Paul resigned from the GOP in 1987 over frustration with then-President Reagan?s policies.

?There is no credibility left for the Republican Party as a force to reduce the size of government,? Paul wrote in 1987.

What?s our reaction? First of all, the Paul ad plays a little fast and loose with timing. When it mentions that Paul was one of four congressmen to back Reagan?s presidential effort, it does not say that the effort in question was an earlier Reagan try, in 1976. Lots of GOP members were behind him in 1980. Nor does the ad mention that Perry ran Sen. Al Gore?s Texas campaign for president in 1988, as opposed to Vice President Gore?s presidential effort in 2000.

That said, we think the Perry camp has more to answer for. On Perry?s campaign website, they provide a link to Paul?s 1987 resignation letter, and Perry aides either did not read that letter or are counting on the fact that few other people will.

Because Paul resigned from the GOP ? and we remember this incident ? because the party under Reagan was unsuccessful in reducing the size of government. As the letter notes, between 1981 and 1987, the national debt doubled. Government spending grew by 10.4 percent annually. Tax revenues increased 59 percent during the period ? and not because of economic growth.

?The new revenues are due to four giant Republican tax increases since 1981,? Paul wrote back then.

So you could argue that Paul resigned from the party because he was consistent in his beliefs ? not because he didn?t like Reagan.

If asked to choose between Ron Paul and Rick Perry, what would Reagan do? We think that?s an interesting question for you to discuss amongst yourselves.

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/cFjzxpgjGf4/Ron-Paul-versus-Rick-Perry-Who-is-Ronald-Reagan-s-true-heir

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Why Use a Solicitor? (UK Law) | online-realestate.info

Why Use a Solicitor? (UK Law)

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Do It Yourself Franchise Documents and Templates Introduces ...

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Franchise Documents Online a successful Do-It-Yourself resources website that helps small business franchise has launched a value pack of franchise document.

Source: http://www.articleshub.org/article/112375/Do-It-Yourself-Franchise-Documents-and-Templates-Introduces-Value-Pack-of-Manuals-for-Franchising-Small-Business.html

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Yahoo CEO Bartz fired over the phone, rocky run ends (Reuters)

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) ? Yahoo Inc Chairman Roy Bostock fired CEO Carol Bartz over the phone on Tuesday, ending a tumultuous tenure marked by stagnation and a rift with Chinese partner Alibaba.

Chief Financial Officer Tim Morse will step in as interim CEO, and the company will search for a permanent leader to spearhead a battle in online advertising and content with rivals Google Inc and Facebook.

Shares in Yahoo jumped 6 percent in after-hours trading to $13.7 after closing at $12.90 on the Nasdaq. They are scarcely higher than where they were when Bartz first took the reins in January 2009 with hopes of reviving stalled growth and competing with up-and-coming rivals.

On Tuesday, her efforts were abruptly halted after Bostock called with the bad news.

"I am very sad to tell you that I've just been fired over the phone by Yahoo's Chairman of the Board. It has been my pleasure to work with all of you and I wish you only the best going forward," the outspoken CEO said in a two-sentence email to employees obtained by Reuters.

The turn of events surprised few Wall Street observers who had tracked a rising torrent of criticism and watched revenue growth falter and sputter out.

Some analysts said Bartz's departure signaled the company had run out of options after failing to dominate the advertising and content markets and handing over its search operations to Microsoft Corp.

That partnership, under which Microsoft handles search for Yahoo's websites and keeps a portion of ad revenue, appears to favor the software company at Yahoo's expense.

STRATEGIC REVIEW

Yahoo is still one of the most popular destinations on the Internet but faces increasing competition from social networking service Facebook and from Google, which has a market value of $170 billion, 10 times more than Yahoo.

Yahoo said a new executive leadership council would help Morse in managing day-to-day operations as well as supporting "a comprehensive strategic review" to position the company for growth.

The decision to oust Bartz was reached by an unanimous vote of Yahoo's eight independent directors late last week, according to a person close to the company. Bartz, and co-founder Jerry Yang, who are also on the board, did not participate in the vote, the person said.

Yahoo has not hired investment banking advisors, but was likely to meet with various firms in the coming weeks, according to the person close to the company.

"It's hard to say what direction they are going to head. What is the next step for Yahoo? They went down the road of search, they went down the road of media, becoming a content company, they went down the road of advertising," said YCMNet Advisors CEO Michael Yoshikami.

"I'm not sure where they go right now. One wonders if this means that they might be ripe for a takeover."

At least three private equity firms had reached out to at least one media firm to gauge acquisition interest two weeks ago, said a second source with direct knowledge of the approaches who declined to be identified because the talks were preliminary.

CROWN JEWELS

Yahoo is worth about $16 billion, with much of that ascribed to its roughly 40 percent stake in China's Alibaba, the parent company of websites including Alibaba.com and Taobao. Yahoo also owns a stake in Yahoo Japan, along with Japanese mobile company Softbank.

Analysts estimate Yahoo's Asian assets are worth about $7-$9 of Yahoo's roughly $13 share price, based on a sum-of-the-parts valuation.

Relations between Yahoo and Alibaba have soured since Bartz took over, with Alibaba founder Jack Ma failing in an attempt to buy out its U.S. partner's stake.

A senior official at Alibaba Group said Bartz's departure was unlikely to solve the ownership issues.

"There won't be much of an impact in the relationship to be honest," the official said on the condition of anonymity. "We have to wait and see till we are working together with the new CEO."

The rocky relationship between the companies came to a head in May when it was revealed that Alibaba had abruptly handed Alipay -- one of Alibaba's crown jewels -- to a company controlled by Ma, apparently without Yahoo's knowledge.

"The immediate impact will not be much because I don't think Yahoo wants to sell its stake although Alibaba wants to buy it. It really depends on how Tim handles this, as in the past Carol has had a strong stance on this," said Hong Kong-based CLSA analyst Elinor Leung.

FALL FROM GRACE

Bostock voiced his public support in June for Bartz, a lightning rod for criticism from Wall Street, and known for her tough attitude and salty language.

Bartz's ouster capped a decade-long fall from grace for a company whose shares traded at more than $125 in January 2000 during the dotcom bubble -- but now languishes at about a 10th of that level.

Bartz arrived at Yahoo in January 2009 after a strong showing at software giant Autodesk with high hopes of turning around Yahoo, after Yang was widely thought to have botched a $47.5 billion proposed takeover by Microsoft, rebuffing that advance as too low.

Yahoo reported a slight decline in net revenue in the second quarter, as efforts to restructure its sales force caused disruptions.

Research firm eMarketer has projected that Facebook would overtake Yahoo this year to collect the biggest slice of online display advertising dollars in the United States.

Bartz, who had more than a year left on her four-year contract with Yahoo, was slated to host a Q&A at the Citi Technology Conference at 1250 pm ET in New York on Wednesday.

Bartz had reserved a room at the St. Regis hotel in Manhattan for Tuesday evening, but a hotel receptionist reached over the phone said the booking had been canceled.

(Additional reporting by Melanie Lee in SHANGHAI; Poornima Gupta and Sarah McBride in SAN FRANCISCO, Jennifer Saba in NEW YORK and Bill Rigby in SEATTLE; Writing by Edwin Chan; Editing by Carol Bishopric and Anshuman Daga)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/enindustry/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110907/media_nm/us_yahoo_ceo

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Lipoic Acid Battles Diabetes Side Effect - Health and Fitness ...

In the second part of my look at lipoic acid, we?ll check out the evidence about its abilities to help treat diabetic neuropathy. This just might be one of the best natural
supplements for this condition.

About one in five patients with diabetes suffers from diabetic neuropathy ? so it is very common. It?s the result of nerve damage by compromised small blood vessels
surrounding the nerve. It occurs most frequently in diabetic patients with prolonged high blood sugar levels.

Patients with diabetic neuropathy may experience these symptoms: stabbing pains; burning sensation, especially in the evening; muscle twitching; impaired speech; difficulty swallowing; muscle weakness; dizziness; blurred vision; drooping eyelid; impotence or erectile dysfunction; chronic diarrhea; reduced sensation anywhere in the body; and, most commonly, numbness and tingling sensation in the extremities.

In general, diabetic neuropathy is divided into three categories: sensorimotor; autonomic; and cranial. Sensorimotor neuropathy involves primarily the long nerves, especially in the foot and lower legs, with numbness or a tingling sensation. Autonomic nerves control the functions of the heart, gastrointestinal tract, and
urinary system. When affected by diabetes, heart rate, breathing patterns, and gastrointestinal and urinary functions may change.

Here is some evidence as to how lipoic acid could help treat diabetic neuropathy:

1995: A study with 328 patients used 100, 600, or 1,200 milligrams (mg) of lipoic acid. The first dose lowered symptoms by 38%, the second by 64% and the third by
60%. Note: lipoic acid was administered by IV.

1997: A study tested 800 mg of lipoic acid over four months. It found that the treatment improved neuropathy.

1997: Another study tested the same as above and concluded that lipoic acid slightly improved neuropathy.

1999: Both 600 mg and 1,200 mg used over four months improved the flow of nerves.

1999: Over three weeks, patients took 1,800 mg of lipoic acid. The supplement was safe and lowered symptoms by 47%.

2003: 600 mg of lipoic acid through an IV improved pain and other neuropathic symptoms.

2006: A study found that 600, 1,200 and 1,800 mg over five weeks improved stabbing and burning pain. The smaller dose had the best risk-to-benefit ratio.

Overall, three conclusions have been drawn from the past studies. One: short-term treatment for three weeks with 600 mg intravenously reduced many of the neuropathic symptoms. Two: taking lipoic acid orally for four to seven months reduced both peripheral and cardiac neuropathic symptoms. Three: lipoic acid appears to be quite safe.

Lipoic acid supplements are considered safe in doses of up to 1,800 mg a day for six months. The most commonly reported side effects after oral use include allergic reactions, such as skin rashes, hives and itching, and gastrointestinal complaints, such as vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain.

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Source: http://authorarticle.com/health-and-fitness/lipoic-acid-battles-diabetes-side-effect-2/

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Dismal jobs data shakes world markets (AP)

WASHINGTON ? The dismal U.S. job market, which has intensified fears of another recession, may be even worse than the unemployment numbers suggest.

The shockwaves from the Labor Department report on Friday that employers stopped hiring in August have rippled around the world, sparking a steep retreat in Asian stock markets. The lack of hiring in the U.S. last month surprised investors ? economists were expecting 93,000 jobs to be added. Previously reported hiring figures for June and July were revised lower.

The jobs picture may even be worse than the 9.1 percent unemployment rate suggests, because America's 14 million unemployed must also compete with 8.8 million other people not counted as unemployed ? part-timers who want full-time work.

When consumer demand picks up, companies will likely boost the hours of their part-timers before they add jobs, economists say. It means they have room to expand without hiring.

Fears that the U.S. economy may be stuck in neutral, or worse, slammed Asian and European stocks.

While Wall Street was closed for Labor day holiday, Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 index fell 2 percent. Hong Kong's Hang Seng dropped 2.2 percent lower and South Korea's Kospi Composite Index tumbled 4 percent.

In Europe, Germany's DAX slumped 2.9 percent, France's CAC-40 shed 3.3 percent and Britain's FTSE 100 2.0 percent."

The problem is that there simply hasn't been any meaningful jobs growth, which is precisely why markets are so worried about slipping back into recession," said Ben Potter of IG Markets in Melbourne, Australia.

"The authorities have thrown a lot of stimulus at the problem and to date, it's basically done nothing," Potter said. Markets are realizing "that there probably isn't a lot more authorities can do."

The unemployed will face another source of competition once the economy improves: Roughly 2.6 million people who aren't counted as unemployed because they've stopped looking for work. Once they start looking again, they'll be classified as unemployed. And the unemployment rate could rise.

Intensified competition for jobs means unemployment could exceed its historic norm of 5 percent to 6 percent for several more years. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office expects the rate to exceed 8 percent until 2014. The White House predicts it will average 9 percent next year, when President Barack Obama runs for re-election.

The jobs crisis has led Obama to schedule a major speech Thursday night to propose steps to stimulate hiring. Republican presidential candidates will likely confront the issue in a debate the night before.

The back-to-back events will come days after the government said employers added zero net jobs in August. The monthly jobs report, arriving three days before Labor Day, was the weakest since September 2010. Reaction from U.S. markets won't be evident until Tuesday, when trading resumes after the holiday.

Combined, the 14 million officially unemployed; the "underemployed" part-timers who want full-time work; and "discouraged" people who have stopped looking make up 16.2 percent of working-age Americans.

The Labor Department compiles the figure to assess how many people want full-time work and can't find it ? a number the unemployment rate alone doesn't capture.

In a healthy economy, this broader measure of unemployment stays below 10 percent. Since the Great Recession officially ended more than two years ago, the rate has been 15 percent or more.

The proportion of the work force made up of the frustrated part-timers has risen faster than unemployment has since the recession began in December 2007.

That's because many companies slashed workers' hours after the recession hit. If they restored all those lost hours to their existing staff, they'd add enough hours to equal about 950,000 full-time jobs, according to calculations by Heidi Shierholz, an economist at the Economic Policy Institute.

That's without having to hire a single employee.

No one expects every company to delay hiring until every part-timer is working full time. But economists expect job growth to stay weak for two or three more years in part because of how many frustrated part-timers want to work full time.

And because employers are still reluctant to increase hours for part-timers, "hiring is really a long way off," says Christine Riordan, a policy analyst at the National Employment Law Project. In August, employees of private companies worked fewer hours than in July.

Some groups are disproportionately represented among the broader category of unemployment that includes underemployed and discouraged workers. More than 26 percent of African Americans, for example, and nearly 22 percent of Hispanics are in this category. The figure for whites is less than 15 percent. Women are more likely than men to be in this group.

Among the Americans frustrated with part-time work is Ryan McGrath, 26. In October, he returned from managing a hotel project in Uruguay. He's been unable to find full-time work. So he's been freelancing as a website designer for small businesses in the Chicago area.

Some weeks he's busy and making money. Other times he struggles. He's living at home, and sometimes he has to borrow $50 from his father to pay bills. He's applied for "a million jobs."

"You go to all these interviews for entry-level positions, and you lose out every time," he says.

Nationally, 4.5 unemployed people, on average, are competing for each job opening. In a healthy economy, the average is about two per opening.

If work-force dropouts had been counted as unemployed, August's unemployment rate would have been 10.6 percent instead of 9.1 percent.

The Labor Department's report relies on data collected from surveys of households and businesses in the second week of August. That's right after Standard & Poor's removed the country's AAA credit rating and fears mounted that Europe's banking crisis could spread to the U.S. Television screens were filled with images of riots in London.

"I'm not surprised that businesses weren't doing too much hiring in that environment," Jeff Kleintop, chief market strategist at LPL Financial.

___

AP Business Writers Pamela Sampson in Bangkok and Carlo Piovano in London contributed to this report.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/economy/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110905/ap_on_bi_go_ec_fi/us_economy

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Gaza flotilla report blames Israel and Turkey

(AP) ? Last year's Israeli raid on a Gaza-bound flotilla was "excessive and unreasonable" according to a U.N. panel that also blamed Turkey and flotilla organizers for contributing to the deaths of nine activists.

The panel's long-delayed report, released late Friday, was aimed at improving Israeli-Turkish relations, but has already led to a near rupture because of Israel's refusal to apologize for the deaths aboard the Mavi Marmara, the largest of the six vessels in the flotilla.

Earlier Friday, Turkey expelled the Israeli ambassador and suspended military cooperation.

The 105-page report said Israel's naval blockade of Gaza was legally imposed "as a legitimate security measure" to prevent weapons smuggling, but added that the killing of eight Turkish activists and a Turkish-American was "unacceptable."

"The events of May 31, 2010 should never have taken place as they did and strenuous efforts should be made to prevent the occurrence of such incidents in the future," the report said.

Israel insists its forces acted in self defense and says there will be no apology. Israeli officials pointed out the report does not demand an apology. Rather, it says "an appropriate statement of regret should be made by Israel in respect of the incident in light of its consequences."

The panel criticized Israel for failing to give "clear prior warning" that the vessels were to be boarded and failing to use "non-violent options" in the first instance.

The report also called on Israel to offer payment "of a sufficient amount" to the injured and families of the dead through a joint trust fund administered by the two governments.

But the panel also found the flotilla "acted recklessly in attempting to breach the naval blockade." While the majority of flotilla participants had no violent intentions, it said, "there exist serious questions about the conduct, true nature and objectives of the flotilla organizers."

As for the Turkish government, the panel said, it should have done more to warn flotilla participants of "the potential risks involved and dissuade them from their actions."

Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon thanked the panel and the Israelis and Turks for cooperating with it, but made no comment on the substance of the report.

U.N. deputy spokesman Eduardo del Buey later said Ban had hoped the inquiry and report would bring Israel and Turkey back together and "deeply regrets the fact that this has not been possible."

The panel's chair, former New Zealand Prime Minister Geoffrey Palmer, and co-chair, former Colombian President Alvaro Uribe, adopted the report. But the Israeli representative Joseph Ciechanover and Turkish representative Ozdem Sanberk, disagreed with parts of it that were critical of their countries in separate statements distributed with the report.

Ciechanover protested that Israel's decision to have commandos rappel on to the vessel was not "excessive and unreasonable," saying the panel was provided evidence of repeated warnings it gave the Mavi Marmara of its intention to board.

Given the resistance from some passengers on the vessel, he said, "Israel's soldiers clearly acted in self-defense and responded reasonably, proportionally and with restraint, including the use of less-lethal weapons where feasible."

Sanberk strongly disagreed with the panel's finding that the Gaza blockade is legal, citing a U.N. Human Rights Council report calling it unlawful as well as the right to freedom of the high seas.

The intentions of the flotilla were humanitarian and participants "resisted for their own protection," he said. "One of the victims is still in a coma" and the report did not adequately describe "the actual extent of the atrocities that the victims have been subjected to."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2011-09-02-UN-UN-Gaza-Flotilla-Report/id-3b6891ba6d04466fba582b7d8072415f

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